{"id":1949,"date":"2023-04-25T12:42:24","date_gmt":"2023-04-25T12:42:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/gzanotti.com\/?p=1949"},"modified":"2026-01-21T17:53:49","modified_gmt":"2026-01-21T15:53:49","slug":"i-am-searching-for-freedom-which-is-so-dear-dante-alighieri-purgatorio-i-71","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gzanotti.com\/en\/i-am-searching-for-freedom-which-is-so-dear-dante-alighieri-purgatorio-i-71\/","title":{"rendered":"“I am searching for freedom, which is so dear…” (Dante Alighieri, Purgatorio I, 71)"},"content":{"rendered":"

[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text css=””]<\/p>\n

This article does not deal with the philosophy of science, but with political philosophy that leads to politics in general. Let’s take as a starting point the “Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen” of the French Revolution, which in my opinion represents one of the turning points in the history of Western civilization. Here are the first four articles:<\/p>\n

Art. 1 – Men are born and remain free and equal in rights. Social distinctions can be based only on common utility.<\/p>\n

Art. 2 – The aim of every political association is the preservation of the natural and imprescriptible rights of man. These rights are liberty, property, security and resistance to oppression.<\/p>\n

Art. 3 – The principle of all sovereignty resides essentially in the nation. No body or individual may exercise any authority that does not emanate expressly from it.<\/p>\n

Art. 4 – Liberty consists in the freedom to do everything which injures no one else; hence the exercise of the natural rights of each man has no limits except those which assure to the other members of the society the enjoyment of the same rights. These limits can only be determined by law.<\/p>\n

Art. 5 – Law has the right to forbid only actions harmful to society. Anything which is not forbidden by law cannot be prevented, and no one can be forced to do what it does not order.<\/p>\n

…<\/p>\n

I am not including all the other articles here, nor am I including the Universal Declaration of Human Rights approved by the United Nations General Assembly, which in its first articles substantially contains similar concepts.<\/p>\n

The French Revolution was the result of a long journey of European culture, but at least the principles contained in the UN declaration should be agreed upon by all, since all nations on the planet are part of it.<\/p>\n

Instead, it seems that this is not the case: many totalitarian or religious regimes on the planet consider them “Western values”, contrary to their culture. On the other hand, to stay in Europe, until a few centuries ago Christians sent heretics, that is, those who did not profess the doctrine correctly, to the stake and until the middle of the last century opponents were imprisoned or eliminated.<\/p>\n

\n

I think that the most basic level of rights is constituted by the freedom of thought, including the right to express dissent towards one’s own government without being imprisoned, the right to behave in private as one desires, without impositions of “non-negotiable principles” of a religious nature. These are not “values” of this or that culture, but minimum universal values to which everyone should adhere. However, in the world it seems that we are going in the opposite direction, even with the tacit consent of a part of public opinion.<\/p>\n

[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

This article does not deal with the philosophy of science, but with political philosophy that leads to politics in general. … <\/i>Leggi di pi\u00f9<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[116],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1949","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-politica-della-scienza"],"yoast_head":"\n"I am searching for freedom, which is so dear..." (Dante Alighieri, Purgatorio I, 71) - Giuseppe Zanotti<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\""I am searching for freedom, which is so dear..." 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